WikiQueer:Citation templates


 * ''See also: Handy tools for making references in cite templates: MakeRef and WQ:RefToolbar

Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way, as an alternative to formatting the citations by hand. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus; see WQ:CITECONSENSUS and WQ:CITEVAR. The various citation templates below may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format.

Use in footnotes
For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing   at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a   button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags (i.e.  ). Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page; see WQ:FNNR and MOS:APPENDIX for more information on section names: 
 * == Notes ==
 * ''' and   (available for most templates) can also be used to affect the punctuation.

Examples
Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite a book, encyclopedia, journal, website, comic strip, video and editorial comics, etc.


 * For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it—click the template name (e.g. Citation or ) in the "template (required)" column of the table below.
 * Required field(s) are indicated in bold
 * Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
 * Following each example is the resulting article text.

For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: WikiQueer:Citation tools.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: WikiQueer:Footnotes.


 * cite album-notes
 * cite thesis

Harvard reference and shortened footnote examples
These templates automatically create a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. All the following templates are supported: citation · cite book · cite journal · cite web · cite conference · cite encyclopedia · cite mailing list · cite manual · cite news · cite press release · cite arXiv · cite video (an up-to-date list is at Template:Citation/core). To use the links, the template must define "Surname" (or "Last") and "Year" and must include.

Variations
WikiQueer does not dictate a particular way to insert citations into an article. As a result, there are multiple ways to structure citations in an article; multiple ways to insert individual citations; and multiple ways to link short-form inline citations with the full-form citations in the bibliography, when using a style that calls for short-form citations.

There are three primary ways to format individual citations:
 * 1) By hand. When using inline citations (see below), these are simply typed directly; however, when using shortened footnotes or parenthetical references, these can be surrounded with wikicite to ensure that the appropriate shortened references are linked to the full references below.
 * 2) Using the templates, such as cite book, cite web, cite journal, or cite news.
 * 3) Using the generic Citation template.

The main differences between the generic Citation template and the specific templates are:
 * 1) The templates produce citations with individual sections (e.g. title, author, publisher, etc.) separated by periods, with a trailing period, while Citation separates sections with a comma and has no trailing punctuation. (However, this can be changed using the separator and postscript parameters.)
 * 2) Not all templates can easily be replaced by the Citation template.  Generally, any  template of a general nature (e.g. book; web site; journal or newspaper article; article in an edited collection or encyclopedia; etc.) can be replaced, but specialized templates (court cases, comic books, video games, etc.) cannot very easily.
 * 3) Some of the parameter names differ. For example, citing an article in an edited collection uses the misnamed cite encyclopedia template, with title for the article name and encyclopedia for the collection name; the equivalent parameters in Citation are named contribution and title, respectively.
 * 4) When using parenthetical referencing, a template that identifies a citation by author and year will automatically link to the appropriate citation elsewhere in the article if created using Citation.  If created using , however, a harv parameter must be added.

There are also at least three ways to structure citations as a whole in an article:
 * 1) Inline citations. These simply place the citation inside of a   reference, which inserts a small bracketed, superscripted number.  When clicked on, it links to a correspondingly-numbered footnote (more properly an endnote) placed elsewhere in the article.  The footnotes themselves are inserted using reflist, which is typically placed by itself in a Notes (or References) section near the end of the article.  When there are multiple references to the same citation, typing can be saved by using   the first time, and just   elsewhere.  When there are citations that differ only in page number, there are two alternatives: write all the citations out in full, including the page number, or use one citation without page numbers along with the rp template to add an inline page number after the small bracketed footnote number.
 * 2) Shortened footnotes. Instead of the full-form citation appearing in the footnote, a shortened form appears, giving only the author and year (or in some styles, a shortened version of the article or book title), and page number if appropriate.  The full citation appears later on, in a bibliography section.  This usually follows directly after the footnotes, is titled "References" or "Bibliography", and contains all relevant citations, listed in alphabetical order.  This style is especially appropriate when there are large numbers of references overall and frequent cases of multiple references to the same work, especially in the presence of differing page numbers.
 * 3) Parenthetical references. These are conceptually similar to shortened footnotes, but the shortened reference appears inline in the text, in parentheses, rather than in a footnote.

When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical references, there are multiple ways to link the shortened and full-form references:
 * 1) Don't link them. This happens by default when the shortened references are typed in by hand.
 * 2) Insert manual links. These look like e.g.  .  The anchor   is attached to the full-form citation by surrounding it with wikicite (if inserted by hand), or adding a ref parameter to the citation template.
 * 3) Insert links using a template, e.g.  .  This will insert "" into the text and link it to the citation with the corresponding last name and year.  As mentioned above, when using a  template, the parameter harv must be added, but this is unnecessary for Citation.  When using parenthetical references, the plain Harv template is used, which automatically inserts parentheses.  Other variations format the page number or parentheses differently.
 * 4) Use the template for the whole of the footnote. The  template creates its own named  tags:  is exactly equivalent to Pereira 2006, p. 25. which is itself equivalent to .

See also WQ:Footnotes and WQ:Citing sources for general information, and WQ:CITEX for specific examples of exactly how to write the code for various combinations of the above styles.